Introduction To Nessum AIR
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The global smart building market is expected to reach $108.9 billion by 2025.
This impressive growth has boosted the demand for smart building and building automation networking solutions.
One of these solutions is the high-speed LON HD-PLC network, promoted by Lonmark and made possible by the ANSI/CTA 709.8 standard.
In this blog post, we will provide a detailed overview of this technology, including:
A smart building is a colloquial term for a building that is equipped with automation technology — a communication framework that helps automate the building’s operations.
The communication framework of a smart building usually consists of a wide array of interconnected devices, such as sensors and cameras, that monitor specific building conditions and characteristics.
The data gathered from these devices is then processed by a centralized software, commonly known as a Building Management System (BMS).
By analyzing this data, the System can alter the smart building’s operations in real-time to reach the desired condition.
Some of the building systems that can be automated and controlled by a smart building framework include:
For example, an automation system can control the ventilation of the building and adjust the supply of outside air flowing in, by analyzing the temperature and CO2 levels of the air inside.
The degree of automation can vary in a given building and, theoretically, it can go as far as a building that is completely autonomous and doesn’t require human input to function.
Also known as LonWorks, LON stands for Local Operating Network and is a networking platform designed specifically for control and automation systems — such as those found in smart buildings.
LON is certified by the ISO/IEC 14908-1 and ANSI/CTA 709.1 standard together with the associated specifications.
This protocol, which outlines the peer-to-peer and master-slave communication within a network, enables the key elements of a LonWorks network — nodes — to communicate with each other.
In a LON-enabled building automation infrastructure, each node is an individual device — such as a sensor in a piece of factory equipment, for instance. These devices are organized and interconnected on two levels:
As a result, one LON domain within a network can be comprised of as many as 32,385 nodes.
Moreover, several LON domains can be interconnected, enabling LON’s flexibility when it comes to network topology.
LonWorks can be implemented following a variety of conventional network structures, including:
The free choice of network topology that LON takes advantage of is largely due to another one of the technology’s key benefits — flexible support of cabling standards.
LON platforms can function over a variety of cables, including:
This flexibility means that installing LON infrastructure in a building, factory or solar power plant does not require additional investment into cabling installation, as it can work with the existing cables.
ANSI/CTA 709.8 standard, issued in February 2020, outlines the integration of the HD-PLC protocol into LON systems.
Before the adoption of the standard, LON systems mostly relied on older, slower networking protocols, such as BPSK-PLC or RS485.
The main limitations of these standards have to do with the maximum supported number of nodes and data transmission rates.
Both BPSK-PLC and RS485, for instance, only support a maximum of around 200 nodes and a maximum physical layer transmission rate of around 5 and 9.6 Kbps, respectively.
By combining the domain capabilities of LON and the broadband connectivity of HD-PLC, the ANSI/CTA 709.8 standard enables the creation of networks that can include as many 1,024 nodes communicating at megabit speeds.
The support of 1,024 nodes in a LON HD-PLC system is made possible by one of HD-PLC’s unique features — Multi-hop technology.
HD-PLC Multi-hop uses the Centralized Metric-Based Source Routing (CMSR) protocol, which enables the use of terminals that effectively extend the network range — albeit at the cost of connection speed.
Other key features that the ANSI/CTA 709.8 standard outlines include:
Combined with the fact that HD-PLC can work with any kind of wiring, these technical features enable a large variety of smart building use cases for the ANSI/CTA 709.8-certified networks, such as:
LON HD-PLC is a relatively straightforward, cost-effective solution that can be a great option in smart building use cases.
Nevertheless, there are still two things to consider when building a LON HD-PLC network: network planning and network design.
Smart building network planning has to do with one key characteristic of any network — range.
One of the factors that affect the network range the most is known as the link budget.
The link budget is a measurement of signal strength loss between the transmitter and the receiver in a given network — a phenomenon known as signal attenuation or degradation.
Signal attenuation usually occurs due to the following factors:
Signal attenuation is measured in decibels. In the case of ANSI/CTA 709.8, the maximum acceptable signal attenuation — also known as the dynamic range — is 85 dB.
By subtracting the branch loss from the dynamic range and dividing the result by the cable loss, it is possible to estimate the maximum possible network range.
Other key factors that contribute to the overall link budget of a network include:
Network design has to do with the physical layout of the communication infrastructure — its topology, in other words.
As mentioned above, LON HD-PLC supports free topology, meaning it can be implemented following any existing outline.
While the free choice of topology is convenient when building a network, optimizing the performance of such a network can be challenging — especially in a large-scale installation.
Fortunately, one of ANSI/CTA 709.8 main advantages is its support of network extension using other communication mediums, such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
For example, a large smart building network that has more than two transformers — such as one in a skyscraper, for instance — would suffer from considerable signal attenuation.
One way to solve this challenge would be to bypass the signal transfer via an L2 switch or a sub-network of interconnected Wi-Fi bridges.
Building automation is a rapidly growing industry that requires reliable, cost-effective networking solutions.
For a long time, LonWorks (or simply LON) was dominating the building automation market.
However, this technology was constrained by several technical limitations — such as limited range and data transmission rate.
The ANSI/CTA 709.8 Standard that outlines the implementation of the HD-PLC protocol in LON helped alleviate these limitations, bridging the gap between narrowband power line communication and costly Ethernet and Wireless communication solutions.
The unique features of LON HD-PLC — such as its flexibility, ease and low cost of installation — are enabling the technology to set a new standard in the building automation industry.